Communications
              
               

 
Rationale:
Communications play an import part in how we form and challenge ideas. As in most other things communications can be used for good or bad purposes. Emergency Management and Homeland Security need to employ effective communications to futher their goals. At the same time, they must counter the harmful communications by those who would use if for ill-gotten gains or destructive purposes.
 
Lesson Objectives:
  • Explore the evolving communications media.
  • Identify types of communications.
  • Review example communications problems.
  • Look at how media are exploited.
  • Identify communications countermeasures.
 
Communications History
  • Face-to-Face
  • Writing
  • Printing/Publishing
  • Radio
  • Television
  • Internet/File Sharing
  • World Wide Web
  • Web 2.0 Social Media
 
It must be true because I read it on the Internet.
 
Definition:     Propaganda: In general, a message designed to persuade its intended audience to think and behave in a certain manner. Thus advertising is commercial propaganda. In specific, institutionalized and systematic spreading of information and/or disinformation, usually to promote a narrow political or religious viewpoint. Originally, propaganda meant an arm of the Roman Catholic church responsible for 'de propaganda fidei,' propagation of the faith. It acquired negative connotations in the 20th century when totalitarian regimes (principally Nazi Germany) used every means to distort facts and spread total falsehoods.

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/propaganda.html#ixzz3QSe4dpZL
 
Nazi Propoganda
 
         "Propaganda must always address itself to the broad masses of the people. ... All propaganda must be presented in a popular form and must fix its intellectual level so as not to be above the heads of the least intellectual of those to whom it is directed. ... The art of propaganda consists precisely in being able to awaken the imagination of the public through an appeal to their feelings, in finding the appropriate psychological form that will arrest the attention and appeal to the hearts of the national masses. The broad masses of the people are not made up of diplomats or professors of public jurisprudence nor simply of persons who are able to form reasoned judgment in given cases, but a vacillating crowd of human children who are constantly wavering between one idea and another. ... The great majority of a nation is so feminine in its character and outlook that its thought and conduct are ruled by sentiment rather than by sober reasoning. This sentiment, however, is not complex, but simple and consistent. It is not highly differentiated, but has only the negative and positive notions of love and hatred, right and wrong, truth and falsehood."

"Propaganda must not investigate the truth objectively and, in so far as it is favourable to the other side, present it according to the theoretical rules of justice; yet it must present only that aspect of the truth which is favourable to its own side. ... The receptive powers of the masses are very restricted, and their understanding is feeble. On the other hand, they quickly forget. Such being the case, all effective propaganda must be confined to a few bare essentials and those must be expressed as far as possible in stereotyped formulas. These slogans should be persistently repeated until the very last individual has come to grasp the idea that has been put forward. ... Every change that is made in the subject of a propagandist message must always emphasize the same conclusion. The leading slogan must of course be illustrated in many ways and from several angles, but in the end one must always return to the assertion of the same formula."
        
        Adolph Hitler, Mein Kampf, 1925 - 1926        
 
 
US Propaganda in World War II

Hollywood produced numerous propaganda pieces before and during World War II directed at Adolph Hitler and Nazi Germany. The following sections will outline a few.
 
Charlie Chaplin

Charlie Chaplin wrote directed and starred in The Great Dictator (1940) www.imdb.com/title/tt0032553/. He played the dictator Adenoid Hynkel.
Chaplin as Adenoid Hynkel
Jack Oakie as Benzino Napaloni
 
Trailer: www.imdb.com/video/hulu/vi873506329?ref_=tt_pv_vi_aiv_2
 
Tarzan
 
Johnny Weismuller as Tarzan
 
Tarzan Triumphs (1943) www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiQ-RKVp4Lo
 
The Three Stooges
 
The Three Stooges
 
The Three Stooges made three movies to parody Hitler and the Nazis during World War II. The first was “You Nazty Spy!” (1939) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZ-FOtCBhNc. This was folleoed by “Ill Never Heil Again” (1940) and "They Stooge to Conga" (1941).
 
Marlene Dietrich
 
Marlene Dietrich
 
Received the U.S. War Department's 'Medal of Freedom', in 1947, for entertaining American troops in WWII and her strong stand against Naziism. www.allmusic.com/album/american-songs-in-german-for-the-oss-mw0000857965

As a matter of interest, she starred the movie Pittsburgh (1942).
 
Pop Quiz:     Who was Marlene Dietrich's co star in Pittsburgh?
Answer: www.imdb.com/title/tt0035195/?ref_=nmbio_mbio
 
Resources:     Marlene Dietrich's Homepage www.marlene.com/index.html

National Women's History Museum www.nwhm.org/online-exhibits/spies/17.htm

 
Definition:     Office of Strategic Services (OSS):With the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the United States entered World War II. In June 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt created the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) – the forerunner of today’s CIA — to collect and analyze strategic information and to conduct espionage and special operations. For the first time in U.S. history, the nation had in the OSS a single intelligence service engaged in all basic secret activities: espionage, covert action, propaganda, and counterintelligence.
Source:www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/oss-secret-intelligence-branch.html.
 
Resources:     OSS Society www.osssociety.org Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/oss/art03.htm
 
 
Resources:     Hollywood Goes to War: How Politics, Profits and Propaganda Shaped World War II Movies, Clayton R. Koppes and Gregory D. Black. New York: Free Press/Macmillan, 1987, x + 374 pages, illustrated, ISBN 0-02-903550-3.

The Hollywood Propaganda of World War II, Robert Fyne, Scarecrow Press, 1997

Five Came Back: A Story of Hollywood and the Second World War, Mark Harris

 
www.ushmm.org/propaganda/timeline/1939-1945/

www.filmreform.org/study.htm

www.history.com/news/history-lists/6-world-war-ii-propaganda-broadcasters

http://research.calvin.edu/german-propaganda-archive/

http://search.state.gov/search?q=glossry&site=state_en_stategov&client=state_en_stategov
&output=xml_no_dtd&proxystylesheet=state_en_stategov&
filter=0&entqr=3&lr=lang_en&oe=utf8&ie=utf8
&getfields=*&search-button=Search

 
Hoaxes
 
www.snopes.com/photos/natural/sandy.asp
 
Misconceptions
 
  • Government, Politics, Anarchists
  • Science, Global Warming
  • Anti-Vaccine, Right-to-Life/Women's Rights
  • Diets/Foods/Dangerous/Miracle
  • Economics
  • Celebrities
  • Events
 
Urban Myths
 
UrbanMyths.com www.urbanmyths.com
  • Sex
  • Politics
  • Classics
  • Food
  • Celebrity
  • Funny
  • Technology
Snopes.com dedicates itself to identifying and debunking Urban Myths.www.snopes.com
Snopes lists 25 common current Urban Myths
  1. Facebook Messenger - The use of the Facebook Messenger app requires user acceptance of many privacy-violating conditions.
  2. Vinegar and Water De-Icing - Spraying a mixture of vinegar and water on your car's windshield will de-ice it.
  3. Mike Brown Beating Video - Video captures Mike Brown assaulting an elderly man over a stolen backpack.
  4. New 2015 Taxes Due - A bevy of tax increases were quietly imposed upon Americans in January 2015 due to the Affordable Care Act.
  5. Sandy Hook - The FBI revealed no murders occurred in Newtown, Connecticut, in 2012.
  6. Screech Murder - Dustin Diamond (aka "Screech") was charged with second-degree murder after stabbing a man at a bar.
  7. Facts on Honey and Cinnamon - Honey and cinnamon have substantial illness-fighting properties.
  8. Think Before You Donate - Comparison of the efficiency and salaries of top executives for several large charitable organizations.
  9. Michael Kors - Fashion CEO Michael Kors said he is tired of "pretending to like blacks."
  10. Aldi Horsemeat Scandal - Food products sold by Aldi contain horsemeat.
  11. Wrongful Discharge - Image captures the moment when a cheerleader pooped at the top of a pyramid.
  12. Pig Brothel - The FBI raided and dismantled a pig brothel in Missouri.
  13. Eminem Interview - Eminem's interview in the movie The Interview was real.
  14. Motrin/Robitussin Warning - The interaction of Motrin and Robitussin can cause heart attacks in children.
  15. Facebook Spying - Facebook has announced it will be turning over user data to the FBI, CIA, and NSA.
  16. Tax Refunds Delayed - Payment of federal tax refunds for 2014 will be delayed until October 2015.
  17. Hobby Lobby - Hobby Lobby's lawsuit over a federal mandate requiring employers to provide insurance coverage for contraceptives.
  18. Sandy Hook Hoax - Video details that the shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary School were a staged hoax.
  19. WalMart Shooting - A 2-year-old boy who shot and killed his mother in a Walmart is going to be tried as an adult.
  20. Stuart Scott - Fox News mistakenly used a photo of Stephen A. Smith during its tribute to Stuart Scott.
  21. Noah Pozner - Sandy Hook shooting victim Noah Pozner was pictured among those killed during a December 2014 attack on a school in Pakistan.
  22. False Flag - NFL referee Pete Morelli quit after being paid $500,000 for his officiating at the 2014 Cowboys-Lions playoff game.
  23. Cell Phone Numbers Given to Telemarketers - Cell phone providers will soon be releasing customers' phone numbers to telemarketers.
  24. Doggies for Anthony The mother of 16-year-old leukemia patient Anthony Lyons created a 'Doggies for Anthony' Facebook event.
  25. Flashlight App Warning - Cell phone flashlight apps are secretly tracking users' data and sending the information to cybercriminals.
 
Conspiracy Theories
Time Magazine 10 of the world's most enduring conspiracy theories.
  1. The JFK Assassination
  2. 9/11 Cover-Up
  3. Area 51 and the Aliens
  4. Paul Is Dead
  5. Secret Societies Control the World
  6. The Moon Landings Were Faked
  7. Jesus and Mary Magdalene
  8. Holocaust Revisionism
  9. The CIA and AIDS
  10. The Reptilian Elite
 
www.infowars.com/33-conspiracy-theories-that-turned-out-to-be-true-what-every-person-should-know/
 
Urban Legends
 
http://americanfolklore.net/folklore/urban-legends/
http://list25.com/25-most-popular-urban-legends-still-being-told/
 
Poster Children
 
Definition:     Poster Child: A person who is an example of something.

www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Poster+Child
 
Classic Poster Child Examples
  • Illegal Aliens
  • Poor
  • Rich
  • Middle Class
  • Criminals
  • Feminists
  • Chauvenists
  • Terrorists
  • Homeless
  • Ill/Disabled
  • LGBT
  • Welfare Moms
 
 
Cults
www.csj.org/infoserv_cult101/checklis.htm
  • The group displays excessively zealous and unquestioning commitment to its leader and (whether he is alive or dead) regards his belief system, ideology, and practices as the Truth, as law.
  • Questioning, doubt, and dissent are discouraged or even punished.
  • Mind-altering practices (such as meditation, chanting, speaking in tongues, denunciation sessions, and debilitating work routines) are used in excess and serve to suppress doubts about the group and its leader(s).
  • The leadership dictates, sometimes in great detail, how members should think, act, and feel (for example, members must get permission to date, change jobs, marry—or leaders prescribe what types of clothes to wear, where to live, whether or not to have children, how to discipline children, and so forth).
  • The group is elitist, claiming a special, exalted status for itself, its leader(s) and members (for example, the leader is considered the Messiah, a special being, an avatar—or the group and/or the leader is on a special mission to save humanity).
  • The group has a polarized us-versus-them mentality, which may cause conflict with the wider society.
  • The leader is not accountable to any authorities (unlike, for example, teachers, military commanders or ministers, priests, monks, and rabbis of mainstream religious denominations).
  • The group teaches or implies that its supposedly exalted ends justify whatever means it deems necessary. This may result in members' participating in behaviors or activities they would have considered reprehensible or unethical before joining the group (for example, lying to family or friends, or collecting money for bogus charities).
  • The leadership induces feelings of shame and/or guilt in order to influence and/or control members. Often, this is done through peer pressure and subtle forms of persuasion.
  • Subservience to the leader or group requires members to cut ties with family and friends, and radically alter the personal goals and activities they had before joining the group.
  • The group is preoccupied with bringing in new members.
  • The group is preoccupied with making money.
  • Members are expected to devote inordinate amounts of time to the group and group-related activities.
  • Members are encouraged or required to live and/or socialize only with other group members.
  • The most loyal members (the “true believers”) feel there can be no life outside the context of the group. They believe there is no other way to be, and often fear reprisals to themselves or others if they leave (or even consider leaving) the group.
www.ex-cult.org
 
Brainwashing
 
Definition:     Brainwashing: (1) a forcible indoctrination to induce someone to give up basic political, social, or religious beliefs and attitudes and to accept contrasting regimented ideas

(2) persuasion by propaganda or salesmanship.

www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/brainwashing
 
www.cracked.com/article_21309_6-incredible-ways-you-can-use-words-to-brainwash-people_p2.html
 
 

              

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